{"id":40506,"date":"2024-09-14T17:44:23","date_gmt":"2024-09-14T15:44:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\/"},"modified":"2026-09-17T21:59:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T19:59:28","slug":"moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/en\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\/","title":{"rendered":"Moscow Protest Against Repression in Lithuania"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Moscow Protest Against Repression in Lithuania<\/h2>\n\n

Most articles in the historical column<\/a> tell the history of Russia or the USSR from the perspective of its “peripheral” nations, so ethnic Russians are presented in them as imperialists and colonists. However, among Russians, there are individuals and movements fighting against imperialism. It is not just about today’s allies of Ukraine<\/a>; in the past, there were moments when a significant part of Russian society stood up against imperialism, at least briefly. Although some participants and organizers, led by Boris Yeltsin<\/a>, later changed their minds in this regard, protests for the independence of the Baltic states<\/a> took place in several Russian cities in January 1991. Their peak was a demonstration on Moscow’s Manezhskaya Square<\/a> on January 20, 1991. Foreign media also reported on it. Serge Schmemann wrote about them in the issue of the New York Times from the following day<\/a>, the translation of which we present here.<\/em><\/p>\n\n

More than 100,000 people marched to the Kremlin<\/a> under a cold gray sky to condemn the bloodshed in Lithuania and the increasingly hardline stance of President Mikhail S. Gorbachev<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Chanting “Dictatorship won’t help!” and “Communists out!”, a huge crowd filled the wide Manezhskaya Square in front of the Kremlin with banners and the state flags of Russia and the Baltic republics, in the largest demonstration by liberals yet against Mr. Gorbachev’s new course.<\/p>\n\n

Boris N. Yeltsin, President of the Russian Republic and spiritual leader of liberal and radical forces, did not appear due to concerns for his safety. But an advisor read a strong statement in which Mr. Yeltsin declared: “The danger of dictatorship, which key leaders of our society warned against, is becoming a reality.” Mr. Gorbachev and his circle, he declared, “have practically rejected his former policy and openly support reactionary forces.”<\/p>\n\n

A Call for a “Responsible Decision”<\/em><\/p>\n\n

“We appeal to all democratic forces, parties, and movements to whom the fate of Russia is dear: the time has come to make a responsible decision; the country expects confirmation that you are against the restoration of the old order,” Yeltsin’s statement read.<\/p>\n\n

The crowd repeatedly erupted in cheers and chants of “Resign! Resign!” along with lawmakers from the parliaments of Moscow, the Russian Federation, and the Soviet Union, who demanded the resignation of Mr. Gorbachev and the ministers in charge of military and state security.<\/p>\n\n

The turnout for the protests, after many months of relative calm between liberals and government supporters, was evidence of a feeling that the intervention in Lithuania convincingly confirmed the predictions of Foreign Minister Eduard A. Shevardnadze<\/a> when he announced his resignation last month and warned of the onset of dictatorship.<\/p>\n\n

The daytime demonstration occurred before Soviet commandos attacked the Latvian government ministry. Mr. Gorbachev’s support for military action in Lithuania was followed by his call for the restoration of press control, the departure of his liberal advisors, and growing conservatism in state news organizations, which led liberals to turn against the man they once hailed as the redeemer of their country. Many slogans and speeches were aimed at state radio and television and its new chairman, Leonid Kravchenko.<\/p>\n\n

A Minute of Silence<\/em><\/p>\n\n

The demonstration also underlined the growing polarization of the nation between the nationalist, conservative right and the liberal, reformist left. In the Soviet context, the positions held by the parties often reversed the positions of the left and right in the West. Here, for example, it was the liberals who demanded a free-market economy and chanted condemnations against Iraqi President Saddam Hussein<\/a>, while conservatives called for the preservation of socialism and attacked the Gulf War<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

The main issue, however, was the survival of the incipient democratization, the threat to which speakers spoke of one after another.<\/p>\n\n

Yuri N. Afanasyev<\/a>, a member of the Supreme Soviet<\/a> and one of Mr. Gorbachev’s fiercest critics, opened the rally with demands for a “decisive condemnation of the bloody attack in Vilnius<\/a>” and a “decisive ‘no’ to the reactionary course of Gorbachev and his team.”<\/p>\n\n

Mr. Afanasyev called for a minute of silence for the “victims during the time of perestroika” and invoked the names of places where bloodshed had occurred: Vilnius, Baku, Tbilisi<\/a>, Yerevan, Alma, Central Asia, Alma-Ata, Altai.<\/p>\n\n

Reports from Baku<\/a>, the capital of the Azerbaijan Republic, stated that hundreds of thousands of people gathered in a hilltop park to commemorate more than 100 victims of the Soviet army, which invaded the city a year ago to regain control. The route along which Soviet troops moved through barricades erected by nationalist protesters was strewn with red roses.<\/p>\n\n

Demonstrations against the repression in Lithuania were also reported in the cities of Leningrad, Kyiv, Sverdlovsk, Donetsk, Chi\u0219in\u0103u, and Kaliningrad. The demonstration in Moscow was called by Democratic Russia<\/a>, a coalition of reformers who declared they were forming a political opposition to resist conservative forces in the center and support Yeltsin’s agenda of far-reaching changes. A resolution adopted by loud acclamation demanded legal action against “those who attempted to overthrow the governments in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, including the leaders of the ‘National Salvation Committee’.” It was the appeal of an anonymous committee of that name that prompted the Soviet army’s attack on the communications center in Vilnius last week, and a similarly named group has now declared that it has taken state power in Latvia, although no steps to carry out this demand were reported.<\/p>\n\n

The demonstration began at 11:30 AM, when protesters gathered in several squares, then marched along the wide ring boulevard and down Kalinin Avenue<\/a> toward the heart of the city. Protesters passed the United States Embassy, newly surrounded by massive concrete blocks, and shouted insults at a handful of protesters demonstrating there against operations in the Persian Gulf as they marched.<\/p>\n\n

A Dense Crowd of Protesters<\/em><\/p>\n\n

At Manezhskaya Square, which adjacent to Red Square<\/a> behind the Kremlin walls, speakers appealed to protesters not to attempt to enter Red Square itself or march on the Communist Party headquarters about half a mile away. Police allowed entry to the square only to visitors of the Lenin Mausoleum<\/a>. The thin line of visitors in the empty square contrasted sharply with the dense crowd in Manezhskaya Square. Uniformed KGB forces strictly ordered visitors to move quickly and remain silent as they passed Lenin’s wax figure, even as echoes of anti-communist chanting drifted from the adjacent demonstration.<\/p>\n\n

Despite the organizers’ appeals, as the main demonstration drew to a close after four hours, some protesters marched to the Communist Party headquarters, a nondescript gray building on Old Square. Trucks full of police quickly moved to the scene to drive them away from the building, and the march dispersed without incident.<\/p>\n\n

Translated from English by Pavel Veselsk\u00fd<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Translation without additions or edits. The text does not express the position of the editorial office.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Moscow Protest Against Repression in Lithuania Most articles in the historical column tell the history of Russia or the USSR from the perspective of its “peripheral” nations, so ethnic Russians are presented in them as imperialists and colonists. However, among Russians, there are individuals and movements fighting against imperialism. It is not just about today’s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","omw_enable_modal_window":"enable","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[878],"tags":[1183],"class_list":["post-40506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historical-window","tag-protest","entry","has-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMoscow Protest Against Repression in Lithuania - OSM STATE\u010cN\u00ddCH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Translation of an article about the Moscow demonstration for Baltic independence on January 20, 1991, published in the New York Times a day later.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/en\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moscow Protest Against Repression in Lithuania - OSM STATE\u010cN\u00ddCH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Translation of an article about the Moscow demonstration for Baltic independence on January 20, 1991, published in the New York Times a day later.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/en\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"OSM STATE\u010cN\u00ddCH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-14T15:44:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-17T19:59:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/osmstatecnych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/clanek-3.png?fit=1064%2C394&quality=80&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1064\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"394\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pavel Veselsk\u00fd\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pavel Veselsk\u00fd\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pavel Veselsk\u00fd\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4009ec5733a06603ccda6ec46280bd74\"},\"headline\":\"Moscow Protest Against Repression in Lithuania\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-14T15:44:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-17T19:59:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1139,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/22b295a49f97c1c5adc48db20fb99403\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/clanek-3.png?fit=1064%2C394&quality=80&ssl=1\",\"keywords\":[\"PROTEST\"],\"articleSection\":[\"PAVEL VESELSK\u00dd\u2019S HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/osmstatecnych.cz\\\/en\\\/moscow-protest-against-repression-in-lithuania\\\/\",\"name\":\"Moscow Protest Against Repression in Lithuania - 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Pra\u017e\u00e1k v jizerskohorsk\u00e9m exilu. Vlastn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1m. Jako tlumo\u010dn\u00edk mezi z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdmi stranami a rozpl\u00e9ta\u010d zapleten\u00e9ho kdysi v terapii... Taky kdy\u017e se d\u00e1 p\u0159elo\u017eit n\u011bco kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho nebo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho - aby o tom v\u011bd\u011blo v\u00edc lid\u00ed. No - a te\u010f je v\u00e1lka. A najednou je to v\u0161echno t\u0159eba. 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This is the only possible policy for the Russian opposition. The time for discussions, ballots, and peaceful rallies has long passed. Only muscular energy, hard objects, and high temperatures are effective against the Putin regime. An armed struggle is underway against\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "VOICE"","block_context":{"text":"VOICE","link":"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/en\/category\/voice\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":22632,"url":"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/en\/vitaly-portnikov-cynicism-and-lies-simply-infuriate-a-normal-person\/","url_meta":{"origin":40506,"position":3},"title":"Vitaly Portnikov: Cynicism and lies simply infuriate a normal person","author":"Anna Valentov\u00e1","date":"18. 12. 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Vitaly Portnikov in an article for the Free Russia Forum: I understand why Kasparov became enraged (on the birth pangs of the Russian democratic platform in PACE). Even during my active journalistic work in Russia, I became convinced that cynicism and distortion are an integral part of Russian political culture.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "POLITICAL INITIATIVES"","block_context":{"text":"POLITICAL INITIATIVES","link":"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/en\/category\/political-initiatives\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/osmstatecnych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TITULNI-50.png?fit=851%2C315&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/osmstatecnych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TITULNI-50.png?fit=851%2C315&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/osmstatecnych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TITULNI-50.png?fit=851%2C315&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/osmstatecnych.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TITULNI-50.png?fit=851%2C315&quality=80&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":25605,"url":"https:\/\/osmstatecnych.cz\/en\/they-wanted-a-clear-conscience-and-refused-to-be-indifferent-two-generations-of-russian-women\/","url_meta":{"origin":40506,"position":4},"title":"They wanted a clear conscience and refused to be indifferent. Two generations of Russian women","author":"redakce","date":"1. 6. 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"They are Russian women who have stood or still stand against their own country's regime. Some even with weapons in hand. They have been on lists of hostile elements, foreign agents, terrorists, and extremists. 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